Rembrandt's house at Jodenbreestraat by Cornelis Springer (1853) in the back the Zuiderkerk where his children were buried. After a brief but important apprenticeship of six months with the history painter Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam, Rembrandt stayed a few months with Jacob Pynas and then started his own workshop, though Simon van Leeuwen claimed that Joris van Schooten taught Rembrandt in Leiden. At the age of 13, he was enrolled at the University of Leiden, although according to a contemporary he had a greater inclination towards painting he was soon apprenticed to Jacob van Swanenburg, with whom he spent three years. Religion is a central theme in Rembrandt's works and the religiously fraught period in which he lived makes his faith a matter of interest.Īs a boy, he attended a Latin school. His mother was Catholic, and his father belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church. His family was quite well-to-do his father was a miller and his mother was a baker's daughter. He was the ninth child born to Harmen Gerritszoon van Rijn and Neeltgen Willemsdochter van Zuijtbrouck. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born on 15 July 1606 in Leiden, in the Dutch Republic, now the Netherlands. Rembrandt's portrait of Saskia van Uylenburgh (c. His reputation as the greatest etcher in the history of the medium was established in his lifetime. Rembrandt's foremost contribution in the history of printmaking was his transformation of the etching process from a relatively new reproductive technique into an art form. His 40 self-portraits form an intimate autobiography. Rembrandt's portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible are regarded as his greatest creative triumphs. Yet his etchings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high, and for twenty years he taught many important Dutch painters. After he achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, Rembrandt's later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Rembrandt never went abroad but was considerably influenced by the work of the Italian Old Masters and Dutch and Flemish artists who had studied in Italy. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural and scientific achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age, when Dutch art (especially Dutch painting) was prolific and innovative. Unlike most Dutch masters of the 17th century, Rembrandt's works depict a wide range of styles and subject matter, from portraits and self-portraits to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, biblical and mythological themes and animal studies. It is estimated Rembrandt produced a total of about three hundred paintings, three hundred etchings and two thousand drawings. An innovative and prolific master in three media, he is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of art and the most important in Dutch art history. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn ( / ˈ r ɛ m b r æ n t, ˈ r ɛ m b r ɑː n t/, Dutch: ( listen) 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), usually simply known as Rembrandt, was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker and draughtsman. The Hundred Guilder Print (etching, c. 1647–1649)
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